Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/503

  and turneth not away for any; ; but cf. also the inverted order, ; 12:43, 15:26, 22:21,, ,. The meaning is different when by being determinate is used in the sense of whole, e.g. , but only a part.

Analogous to is the use of , &c., in verbal-clauses in the sense of no one at all, not a single one. On, see under p.

Rem. 1. The examples in which is used absolutely as a negative answer, equivalent to ''certainly not! no!'' must be regarded as extremely short verbal-clauses, e.g. ( according to the context for  &c.); 23:11, 42:10,, , sometimes with a following ,  (see above); ,.

2. The negation of noun-clauses by (as opposed to the regular negationd by ) always includes a certain emphasis, since the force of the negation falls rather upon a particular word (cf. e.g. ), than upon the whole clause. In  were not bound, a participle is thus specially negatived by ; cf. , where, however, is separated from the participle by, and. As a rule, noun-clauses with a pronominal subject are thus negatived by, , ; , , , , , parallel with ; generally with  before a substantival predicate, e.g.  ; .—Noun-clauses with a substantival subject, , , , , , , , , , ,  (with  of the apodosis); 41:2; in  even  is used instead of .—In   is used before an adjectival predicate; in  (where a preceding noun-clause is negatived by ) read  with the LXX, for. On for  in circumstantial clauses to express attributive ideas, see u below.

3. As a rule stands immediately before the verb, but sometimes is separated from it (frequently to bring into special prominence another word which follows it); thus,  before the object and verb;  before the subject and verb; , , , , ,  before a complementary adjunct. In  according to the accentuation even stands at the end of the clause (they offend him not); but undoubtedly  are to be taken together.—On the position of  with the infinitive absolute, see.

(b) is used like μή and ne to express a subjective and conditional negation, and hence especially in connexion with the jussive ( and e) to introduce prohibitions, warnings, negative desires, and requests. On with the imperfect, see ; with the cohortative, see ; on, see.

Rem. 1. (like, see note on a above) maybe used to form a compound word, as in   (immortality); though all the early versions read. The instances in which appears to stand absolutely, equivalent to no, certainly not (like μή for μὴ γένηται), e.g. , and ,  , are also due (see under c) to extreme shortening of a full clause (in  such a clause is repeated immediately