Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/494

 subject and copula (as Gn 189  she is in the tent; 42:28), or there is no indication whatever of the predicate, so that the sentence is limited to  with the suffix, as in the frequent use of, , in answer to an address. Elsewhere a substantive follows (or , ), and  then includes the meaning of a demonstrative pronoun and the copula, e.g.  , &c.; 12:19 behold thou hast thy wife! ; with reference to the past, e.g.  , it was the latter growth, &c. By a very pregnant construction the simple is used as the equivalent of a sentence in, lo, here am I!

3. Examples of exclamations (threatening, complaining, triumphing, especially warlike or seditious) in which, owing to the excitement of the speaker, some indispensable member of the sentence is suppressed, are—(a) with suppression of the predicate (which has frequently to be supplied in the form of a jussive), e.g. a sword for the Lord and for Gideon! (verse 18 without );  and  (cf. also ) every man to his tents, O Israel! (i.e. let every man go to or remain in his tent); without  ; moreover,,  (on the exclamatory  equivalent to hark! cf. ); 28:10, 29:16 ( i.e. how great it is!);  (if  be equivalent to terror be upon thee!); ,  ; ; perhaps also   (sc. happened), unless it is better to supply a subject  (thou wast).—(b) With suppression of the subject, , cf. ;  sc. is bread?—(c) With suppression of both subject and predicate, (see above);  (see above);   explained immediately afterwards by   after thee, Benjamin! sc. is the enemy (differently in );, , ;  .—On  (unless  is to be read), , , see § 158 dd.

Rem. 1. To the class of incomplete sentences naturally belong exclamations introduced by interjections, , , ; cf. § 105. After the first two the object of the threat or imprecation follows regularly with (cf. vae tibi) or  or, e.g.  , ; cf. also ; on the other hand, the object of commiseration (after ) follows mostly in the vocative, or rather in the accusative of exclamation (cf. vae te in Plautus); so in lamentation for the dead,  ,