Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/471

 founded (it) for them; on the same analogy we may also take, with Baumann (op. cit., p. 48),,  and  , 15:16, , , , , , , ,  (all examples of ).

To introduce independent relative clauses is used as a nominative in ; as accusative,  and ,  (after a preposition,  ; but the text is evidently corrupt).

(b) More certain examples of the use of the article as a relative pronoun (more correctly, perhaps, of the demonstrative which is otherwise used as article) are, &c.;  (where  can only be ); ,. In connexion with a plural, the chiefs of the men of war ;, ,. Finally, in the sense of id quod, (where, however, we should read with the LXX ). Cf. moreover, the thigh  (but see k below);   equivalent to.

In all the examples adduced except (where  should probably be read for  the  is followed by undoubted perfects; almost all the examples, moreover, belong to the latest Books (Ezra and Chronicles). On the other hand, another series of instances (even in the older texts) is extremely doubtful, in which the Masora likewise requires perfects, either by placing the tone on the penultima, as in, ,  ;  ;   ,  and 4:3 , or by the punctuation,  ; ,  ;  , while no doubt the authors in all these cases intended participles (and in fact perfect participles, cf. ) with the article, thus, &c.,  for  according to , and in the other examples , ,.

Analogous to the periphrases for expressing materials and attributes by means of substantives ( and p), is the use of substantives to represent certain kinds of pronominal ideas, for which no special expressions exist. Thus—

1., , are used to express—

(a) The idea of each, every (in the sense of each severally) with reference to persons, and even animals, e.g. , feminine ; is the object, e.g. in. On — cf. .

In a few passages in the above sense is placed for the sake of emphasis before the governing noun (always a substantive with a suffix), thus , according to the usual explanation, stands for. But although the explanation seems to be