Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/470

 49:1,  ff.,  ; and even preceding the verb, e.g., ;  as genitive,  I will deliver thee  into the hand of those—thou hatest (them); depending on a preposition, e.g.  , ;  ,  (place)—he is there, i.e. where he is; cf. Jul 17:8 and ;  ;.

From these examples it follows that in independent relative clauses the retrospective suffix, or adverb of place, may be, and in fact generally is, omitted. As a rule, however (as in the dependent relative clause), this does not apply to eases in which the retrospective pronoun, by the construction of the sentence, depends on a preposition, e.g. f.  he—it (the cup) is found with him,—shall die (for the  of the apodosis in  cf. ). In such cases  preceded by the preposition is quite anomalous, as in , where  is a relative pronoun in the English sense; on the other hand, in  (and probably also 56:4)  is to be explained (with Baumann, op. cit., p. 37) by reference to 47:15, as a demonstrative pronoun, stand now with thine enchantments..., with those—thou hast laboured (with them).

[With regard to the preceding explanation of, the student will of course understand that, in Hebrew as we know it, never occurs as a mere demonstrative. A particle which, whatever its origin, is uniformly used with reference to something in another, contiguous clause, will naturally have acquired in practice that force which we denote by the term ‘relative’.]

Like the original demonstrative pronoun, the demonstratives proper , , (the last commonly), and sometimes the article, are used somewhat frequently in poetic language to introduce both dependent and independent relative clauses. With regard to the construction of, &c., the remarks on , under a and e, also hold good.

Examples:—

(a) in apposition to a governing substantive in the nominative,   (there is) leviathan, he—thou hast formed (him), i.e. whom thou hast formed;  ; in the accusative,,  (in both eases with a retrospective pronoun;  is used without it in ); in apposition to a genitive dependent on a preposition,   hearken unto thy father, him—he begat thee, i.e. who begat thee;  .—In   (cf. ),  is in the genitive after the construct state