Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/427

 as proper names, and which consequently never take the article, belong also certain archaic words mostly used only by poets, such as, , , of the body of water which encircles the earth, , &c.; but ,  , viz. of the Red Sea.

2. When nouns which the usage of the language always treats as proper names occasionally appear to be connected with a following genitive, this is really owing to an ellipse whereby the noun which really governs the genitive, i.e. the appellative idea contained in the proper name, is suppressed. So evidently in the case of (the God) of hosts; the fuller form , &c., or  , &c., is a secondary expansion of the original ;  in , , 20, 84:9 is due to the mechanical substitution of  for  affected in the 2nd and part of the 3rd book of the Psalms. So also in geographical names such as (the city) of the Chaldees, ;  (the region) of the two rivers;  (the city) of Judah; , &c., to distinguish it from , ;  , &c.;  , , 63, &c.; on  cf. ;, ; but in for  read. Some of these examples (cf. also ) come very near to the actual construct state (cf. above, ), since e.g. the addition of the genitive serves to distinguish the place from four others called Aram (see the Lexicon), or from another Bethlehem. Aram, Bethlehem, &c., are accordingly no longer names found only in one special sense, and therefore also are no longer proper names in the strictest sense.

3. Of the pronouns, the personal pronouns proper (the separate pronouns, § 32) are always determinate in themselves, since they can denote only definite individuals (the 3rd person, also definite things). For the same reason the demonstrative pronouns (§ 34) are also determinate in themselves, when they stand alone (as equivalent to substantives), either as subject or as predicate (e.g., ; , ), or as object (e.g.  ), or as genitive , or finally when joined to a preposition ( , see ).

So also the personal pronouns, , , , when they are used as demonstratives (=is, ea, id, ille, &c.) are always determinate in themselves, e.g. ,. They