Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/426

  ;  ; , if with Delitzsch it is to be referred to God;   meaning important words, but in 15:13. Cf. on this point,, note 3, and Delitzsch, Psalmen, ed. 4, p. 79.

2. Real proper nouns, as being the names of things (or persons) only once met with, are sufficiently determinate in themselves. Such names, therefore, as, , , , do not admit of the article, nor can they be in the construct state. On the other hand, not only gentilic names (as denoting the various individuals belonging to the same class), but also all those proper names, of which the appellative sense is still sufficiently evident to the mind, or at least has been handed down from an earlier period of the language, frequently (often even as a rule) take the article (according to ), and may even be followed by a genitive.

Examples. Like the above-mentioned proper names of individuals, countries, and cities, so also national names, which are identical in form with the name of the founder of the race (e.g., , ), are always determinate in themselves. Of gentilic names (e.g., , ; ) the plural , even when meaning the Philistines, is generally used without the article (but in , &c., ); so always .—Evident appellatives (like such modern names as the Hague, le Havre) are , in the construct state , i.e. the Gibeah named after Saul to distinguish it from others; ; ; (prop. the white mountain) the Lebanon;  (prop. the river) the Nile, cf. ; (according to Seybold, Mittheil. und Nachr. des DPV., 1896, p. 11, probably the drinking-place [, Arab. warada, meaning orig. to go down to drink]).

Rem. 1. In a few instances original appellatives have completely assumed the character of real proper names, and are therefore used without the article; thus, to denote the one true God (as elsewhere ) and so generally in this document of the Pentateuch up to Ex 6, elsewhere sometimes  ὁ θεός (cf. ); also the sing. ,, and never take the article.—Moreover,  from  onwards (previously in 2:7, &c.,  first man); ,  (but , , &c., ); cf. (i.e. the tabernacle), always without the article.

To the class of nouns originally appellative, which the language regards