Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/420

,  and often (cf. Cheyne, Bampton Lectures, 1889, p. 479, according to whom the use of the  copulative with the second word is especially common in Ch and Est, and therefore belongs to the later language; Driver, 6, p. 538, No. 35); sometimes (but with the exception of  only in very late passages) with a pleonastic  preceding, , , , , &c.

2. Repetition of words in an expressly distributive sense (which may to some extent be noticed in the examples under c) equivalent to one each, &c., e.g. forty days ; cf. , (three words repeated); also with the addition of, , ; cf. . Most frequently with the addition of a numeral (for the simple repetition of numerals for the same purpose, cf. ), and with the words not only in groups of two or three, but even of six  or seven (, , 21, 25); in  five words even three times repeated.

3. Repetition to express an exceptional or at least superfine quality; e.g. which were of gold, gold, of silver, silver, i.e. made of pure gold and pure silver;   high way; cf. , they are given, given to him, i.e. given exclusively for his service, for his very own. Also with a certain hyperbole in such examples as ;  .—Repetition serves to intensify the expression to the highest degree in  by reason of the violent pransings of his string ones,  (countless heaps), and  (countless multitudes); cf. also  by little and little, very gradually; cf. .

4. Repetition with the copula to express of more than one kind; thus , i.e. two kinds of weight (hence the addition great and small);  , i.e. with a double-dealing heart; cf. the opposite.

1. The plural is by no means used in Hebrew solely to express a number of individuals or separate objects, but may also denote them collectively. This use of the plural expresses either (a) a combination of various external constituent parts (plurals of local extension), or (b) a more or less intensive focusing of the characteristics inherent in the idea of the stem (abstract plurals, usually rendered in English by forms in -hood, -ness, -ship). A variety of the plurals described under (b), in which the secondary idea of intensity or of an internal