Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/419

 Thus  (even joined with numerals, e.g.  ), but ;, i.e. sheep and goats (μῆλα), cf. ; but (a sheep or a goat). Other more or less common collectives are: (prop. that which prowls or roams) wild beasts,  (perhaps prop. tripping) a number of little children;, i.e. young plants, , i.e. vegetation in general; ;  or cavalcade, ,  (of small creatures),.

(b) The collective use of substantives which at the same time serve as ; thus, (never in plur.) means both man (homo) and men (homines);  (vir) and men (viri);  and women ;, but usually a swarm of locusts;  and souls (persons);  and staves ;  and birds of prey;  and foliage;  and plants, herbs;  and trees (as it were foliage);  and fruits;  and shrubs; in isolated instances also nouns like , , ,  (cf. ).—On the singular (especially of gentilic names) with the article (which may, however, be omitted in poetry, cf. e.g.  ,  ) to include all individuals of the same species, cf. . On the special meaning of the plurals formed from certain collectives, see.

(c) The feminine ending; see.

(d) The repetition of single words, and even of whole groups of words, especially to express entirety, or in a distributive sense. The following cases are more particularly to be noticed:

1. The repetition of one or more words to express the idea of every, all, as, &c., day by day, every day;  by year, ;  man, ; with  before each, as   every morning (and similarly before a group of words, ), for which the distributive  is also used,  , and with one plural  ,   parallel with. Somewhat different are the instances with before the second word only, e.g.  by day, ;, ,  (but in verse 3 ),  , ,  f.,  as at other times. Also With the two words united by means of, , or  ; , ;  ; cf. ,