Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/413

, 3; with the accusative preceding, .—(b) with  and inopiae, ,  (equivalent to I must forego the residue of my years); .—(c) an accusative of the result  with the passive, , , ; with the accusative preceding, ,  , ,. Also in and 46:23, the accusative preceding  (in 41:18 following it) can only be taken as the accusative of the result; some general idea, such as that of place, is to be understood as the subject of .—(d) an accusative of the member or part specially affected by the action, , ,  (accusative before part. pass.);  (accusative with suffix after the part. pass.).

2. Both accusatives are retained in an unusual manner after the passive of a in ; instead, however, of the Niph.  the  (which is sometimes used transitively elsewhere) should simply be read with the LXX; similarly in, although there the LXX also translate the passive.

3. The efficient cause (or personal agent) is, as a rule, attached to the passive by (thus corresponding to the Greek and Latin dative), e.g.  ; cf. , and the blessing  ; cf. , b, ; also in the plural, .—Before the verb,  and frequently; less commonly by  (called  of origin=coming from), e.g. ; before the verb,, ; by  (instrumenti) [rarely, König § 106],  ; ,  b [but ?=wherewith it was worked  with thee; cf. , König § 106; and see in the Lexicon],, always to introduce a personal agent.—On the connexion of the passive participle with a genitive of the agent, cf. .

Syntax of the Noun.

Cf. F. Schwabe, ''Die Genusbestimmung des Nomens im bibl. Hebr.'', Jena, 1894, and especially the thorough investigation by K. Albrecht, ‘Das Geschlecht der hebr. Hauptwörter,’ in 1895, p. 313 ff., and 1896, p. 61 ff. H. Rosenberg, ‘Zum Geschlecht der hebr. Hauptwörter,’ in 1905, p. 325 ff. (supplementing Albrecht’s work by a treatment of the gender of many nouns in the Mishna); and his ‘Notizen aus der tannaitischen Literatur...’ 1908, p. 144 ff.

1. According to, Hebrew, like the other Semitic languages, distinguishes only a masculine and feminine gender. To indicate the