Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/403

 found him ; cf. ,, and a still more remarkable instance in 8:30. This combination of two different ideas, of motion to a place and being or acting in the place (very plainly seen in but to the place which the Lord thy God shall choose... shalt thou bring thine offering and there shalt thou sacrifice, &c.), is the same as the Greek use of εἰς, ἐς for ἐν, the Latin in potestatem, in amicitiam ditionemque esse, manere (Cic. Verr. 5, 38; Div. 2, 14, &c.); cf. also the common German expressions zu Hause, zu Leipzig sein, zu Bette liegen, &c.

(b). Underlying the very various uses of this preposition is either the idea of being or moving within some definite region, or some sphere of space or time (with the infinitive, a simultaneous action, &c.), or else the idea of fastening on something, close connexion with something (also in a metaphorical sense, following some kind of pattern, e.g. the advice or command of some one, , or in a comparison, as in ; cf. 1:27, 5:1, 3), or finally the idea of relying or depending upon..., or even of merely striking or touching something.

Thus the use of is explained—

(1) In the sense of among (in the domain of), e.g. ; in the sense of consisting of, in specifying the constituents of a collective idea, e.g.  and all flesh died... in (=consisting of) fowl, &c. 8:17, 9:10, . Also after ideas of appearing, manifesting oneself, representing, being, in the sense of as, in the capacity of (prop. in the sphere, after the manner of, see above), consisting of..., tanquam, the of the earlier grammarians, corresponding to the Greek ἐν, the Latin in, and the French en, e.g.  I appeared unto Abraham... ;   (manifests himself as) one, i.e. he remains always the same;,  , cf. 10:22 to the number of seventy;, .—Cf. also such examples as  ;  being unclean;  in Sion (i.e. I make Sion a foundation);  as a sweet savour;, perhaps also  in (i.e. as) a flame of fire;  with (i.e. like) fire; ,  (102:4). For the origin of all these forms of expression is especially instructive, since  is not meant to refer to the Lord as belonging to the, but only to ascribe to him a similar character, i.e. the Lord is one who upholds my soul; so also , ,  [the plur. as in –i]. —Cf. Gesenius,, i. 174 f., and Delitzsch on.

(2) To introduce the object after transitive verbs, which denote touching, striking, reaching to (thus to some extent a fastening on, see above) something, in English sometimes rendered by at, on, &c., and in German generally by compounds with an, e.g. anfassen=, anrühren=, &c. To the same category belongs also the construction of verbs denoting authority (,, , , the last prop. to tread on...) with , inasmuch as the exercise of the authority is regarded as a laying hold of the person ruled; so also, the introduction of the object by after certain , or when the mental action is to be represented as extending to some one or something: e.g.