Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/399

 (unless  be a substantive);  ( parallel with the adverb ). In the text is clearly corrupt.

Those examples are especially instructive in which the adjective expressing a state, although referring to several, is nevertheless used in the singular, e.g., i.e. in the condition of one naked, they go about; cf. verse 7 and 12:17. In the singular occurs after a plural object, and in  the  after the 2nd sing. imperative, which clearly proves that the term expressing the state is not conceived as being in apposition, but as an indeclinable adverb.

(b) Participles, again either after the verb,, , , , , , or before it, , , , , , ; cf. also the substantival use of the participles Niphʿal  and, , .—Also participles in connexion with genitives, as   (cf. also  ), are to be regarded as expressing a state and not as being in apposition, since in the latter case they would have to take the article.—In ,  and  the explicative Wāw (equivalent to and that too) is also prefixed to the participle. In for  read .—On, , , , cf. the note on.

(c) Substantives in the most varied relations: thus, as describing an external state, e.g.  (as opposed to  );  (accus. before the verb=as unleavened cakes),, , , , , , ; as stating the position of a disease,  he was diseased  in his feet , analogous to the cases discussed in  and  (d); as describing a spiritual, mental, or moral state, e.g. ,  (, ; cf. , ), , ,  (unless  is adjectival, and the passage is to be explained as in n); , , , , , , , , ; , &c., in the expression  as a tale-bearer; also , , ; , ,  (in both places before the verb); as stating the age, e.g.  (if the text be right)  as men, i.e. in the prime of life; cf. ,, and ; as specifying a number more accurately, , , , [in   (?) is corrupt; read  with LXX for ]; as stating the consequence of the action, , &c.

The description of the external or internal state may follow, in poetry, in the form of a comparison with some well-known class, e.g.  as a lion; cf. , ;, ,  (unless  be vocative); 58:9b (unless the force of the preceding  is carried on, as in ); ,  (, before the verb); 41:7 shut up together as with a close seal.

6. To the expressions describing a state belong finally those nouns which are introduced by the comparative particle, since the is to