Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/393

 2. The modification of the original meaning becomes especially evident when even reflexive conjugations (Niphʿal, Hithpaʿēl, &c.) take an accusative (cf. § 57, note 2); e.g., ; (prop. to put oneself round) to surround, ; ,  (where, however, the   should be read; cf. ); also  (something) for oneself, Num 6:19;  some one for oneself as a possession, ;  some one an object of craft, ;  a thing off oneself, ;  of any one, to anger him;  something, ;  something off from oneself,. In after, read  instead of. Cf. .

3. So also it is only owing to a modification of the original meaning of a verb (except where the expression is incorrect, and perhaps derived from the popular language), when sometimes the remoter object (otherwise introduced by ) is directly subordinated in the form of an accusative suffix, e.g.  as though to say, have ye be-fasted me? have ye reached me with your fasting? Still more strange is  (the orphan) grew up to me as to a father; cf. ,, , and in Aramaic ; but  is to be regarded as a double accusative after a verb of giving, see ff. In read  for ; in, instead of the Niphʿal, read ; in  either  is to be read with Olshausen or  (and previously ) with Smend; in   or ; in  (where König takes  as he has given it to thee) we must certainly assume a substantive  (= fate?).

4. Whole classes of verbs, which, according to v above, are regarded as transitive, either on account of their original meaning or (for the sake of analogy) by a modification of that meaning, are—

(a) Verba induendi and exuendi, as, a garment,  ornaments, to adorn oneself with (cf. also , ). Also in poetic expressions such as, cf. ; 104:2 ; 65:14b, &c.

(b) Verba copiae and inopiae (also called verba abundandi and deficiendi), as, to be full of something, ; here, and also frequently elsewhere, construed with , and hence evidently with an accusative; ; with a personal object, ; with an accusative preceding the verb for the sake of emphasis, e.g. your hands , cf. ; so also the Niph. something, e.g.,  (where the object is connected by );  f., 6:4, ; , ; , , 21 ; , , , ;  something, ;  something,  (with the object preceding);  prop. to descend, poetically also to pour down, to overflow with something (cf. in Greek προρέειν ὕδωρ, δάκρυα στάζειν), e.g.