Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/386

 continued by means of a perfect,   ; 43:7,,  ff., ; by a perfect without , ; by a simple imperfect (as the modus rei repetitae in the present), , , , , 19 ff., 24:21; by an imperfect without , e.g. , , , ; by an imperfect consecutive, , , ,  (after several participles), , f.

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L. Kaila, ''Zur Syntax des in verbaler Abhängigkeit stehenden Nomens im alttest. Hebr.'', Helsingfors, 1906.

1. The simplest way in which a noun is subordinated to a verbal form is by the addition of an accusative of the object to a transitive verb. In the absence of case-endings, this accusative can now be recognized only from the context, or by the particle (, before suffixes also, )  (toneless owing to the following Maqqeph), and  (with a tone-long ē,  only in ),  or  before the light suffixes (on all these forms cf. : the underlying form āth was obscured in Hebrew to ôth, shortened to ăth before suffixes beginning with a consonant and then modified to , whence finally the secondary form  with the tone), Phoenician  i.e. probably iyyāth (for the Phoenician form, cf. G. Hoffmann, Einige phönik. Inschriften, Göttingen, 1889, p. 39 f.), Punic yth or (according to Euting) pronounced even as a mere prefixed t, Arabic, before suffixes, ’iyyâ, Aram. , . It was no doubt originally a substantive, meaning essence, substance, self (like the Syriac yāth; on the other hand, any connexion with the Hebrew, Syriac ’āiā, Arabic ’āyat, a sign, must, with Nöldeke, xl. 738, be rejected), but now united in the construct state with a following noun or suffix stands for the pronoun ipse, αὐτός. In common use, however (cf. Wilson, ‘The particle in Hebrew,’, vi. 2, 3, and the precise statistics of the use of  on p. 140 ff.), it has so little force (like the oblique cases αὐτοῦ, αὐτῷ, αὐτόν, sometimes also ipsius, ipsum, and the Germ. desselben, &c.) that it merely serves to introduce a determinate object;  prop. αὐτὸν τὸν οὐρανόν (cf. αὐτὴν Χρυσηΐδα, Iliad i. 143) is no stronger than the simple τὸν οὐρανόν. Cf., further, P. Haupt on in his Rainbow Bible, and also in the Notes on Esther, p. 191. prefixed to it. The use of this