Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/385

 4. We must mention as a special class those noun-clauses which occur at the beginning of a period, and are intended to lay stress upon the fact that the first action still continues on the occurrence of the second (always introduced by ); e.g. f.  (=when) another came, &c. ; cf. ,, , ; , ,  f.; also in , , , ,  f., in all which passages the apodosis is introduced by .—On the other hand, in  the noun-clause itself is introduced by  (as in verse 22 by ), and denotes an action only just impending. Finally, when the whole sentence is introduced by means of (cf. ), and the apodosis by, , , ; without  in the apodosis, ,.

, which are used in the sense of the perfect participle, and also, in accordance with their meaning, express in such noun-clauses a state still continuing on the occurrence of the principal action, e.g. , &c.; cf. . [See further in Driver,, §§ 166–169.]

5. Different from the examples treated in u and v are the instances in which a participle (either alone or as the attribute of a noun) stands at the beginning of the sentence as a casus pendens (or as the subject of a compound noun-clause, see ) to indicate a condition, the contingent occurrence of which involves a further consequence; e.g.  shedding man’s blood, i.e. if any one sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed;, , , ; so especially if  precedes the participle, ,  ,  (whosoever smiteth),. The apodosis is very often introduced by, e.g.  (with a following perfect consecutive), ;   when any man offered sacrifice, the priest’s servant came, &c.;  (participle with article); 22:41 (where, however, the text is to be emended in accordance with );  f.,  ; 29:9.—As in the instances discussed under u, such sentences are sometimes preceded by , cf. ,, , &c. [or by, frequentative, ].—On the other hand,  is a mere catchword (equivalent to and as for that which was broken) to call to mind the contents of verse 8.

6. On the use of the participle after the infinitive absolute cf. .

7. Almost as a rule the participial construction beginning a sentence (like the infinitival constructions according to ) is continued by means of a finite verb with or without, before which the English construction requires us to supply the relative pronoun implied in the participle; thus,