Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/384

, with Qimḥi, as the 3rd sing. fem. of the perfect; on the form, cf. ); or in relative clauses,, , i.e. am in the act of doing; in a deliberative question, ; but especially often when the subject is introduced by (especially also if the subject be attached as a suffix to  as , , &c.), if it is intended to announce the event as imminent, or at least near at hand (and sure to happen), when it is called futurum instans, e.g. , , ,  f., 48:21, 50:5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; with a participle passive, : cf. also.

Rem. 1. As the above examples show, a noun-clause with a participle as predicate may have for its subject either a substantive or a personal pronoun; in both cases the participle, especially if there be a certain emphasis upon it, may precede the subject. Also in noun-clauses introduced by the subject may be either a substantive, or (e.g. ) a separate personal pronoun, or a suffix attached to. In the same way, the subject may also be introduced by (est, see the Lexicon) with a suffix, and in negative sentences by  (non est) with a suffix, e.g.  ;  ; .—In such cases as ,  is not, like  in 9:11, 16, &c., the predicate (in which case the participle could not take the article), but the subject; cf. ,, , , (cf. ), where the participle with the article likewise refers to the present, also , , , &c., , where it refers to the past. In and 21:11 even in relative clauses after.

2. To give express emphasis to an action continuing in the past, the perfect in the corresponding person is sometimes added to the participle, and similarly the imperfect  (or the jussive, or the imperfect consecutive) is used to emphasize an action continuing in the future, e.g.   (cows) were plowing; , , , , , , ; the same occurs with a passive participle, e.g. , ;  with a participle is found e.g. in ; the jussive in , ; and  with a participle in ,.

3. The personal pronoun which would be expected as the subject of a participial clause is frequently omitted, or at least (as elsewhere in noun-clauses, cf., , ) the pronoun of the 3rd pers. , e.g., , , , , , (the participle always after ); cf., moreover, , , , , , , , , , , 19 ff., 25:2, 26:7.— is omitted in ;  in , , ; in a relative clause, , .—The personal pronoun of the 2nd pers. masc. is omitted in ; the 2nd fem.  in  (where, however, for the participle  the 2nd fem. perf.  is to be read); the pronoun of the 1st sing. in (?),, ; the 2nd plur. (if the text be right), 6:3, (?). But these passages are all more or less doubtful.

Of a different kind are the cases in which some undefined subject is to be supplied with the participle; e.g.  (= one calleth; ); cf. , .—So with participles in the plur., e.g. ( sc. the taskmasters);  (in 33:5 the text is corrupt),  (?), 36:13, 37:11 (equivalent to sunt qui dicant).