Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/319

 circum, around; others have quite ceased to be so used, e.g.  (length) long ago [Aram.: only in Ec.];  (repetition, duration) again or further.

(c) Adjectives, especially in the feminine (corresponding to the Indo-Germanic neuter), e.g. (more frequently, also );  and  [both rare] multum, much, enough;  (properly mirabilibus, sc. modis), , i.e. in the Jewish language.

(d) Verbs in the infinitive absolute, especially in, which are likewise to be regarded as accusatives , e.g. (prop. a multiplying) much [frequent],  [rare and late] in multitude;  (mane faciendo) early;  (vespere faciendo) in the evening.

(e) Pronouns and numerals, e.g. (prop. there=at this place) here,  (also of time,, cf. the late and rare  and =); , , , ;.

3. Some adverbs are formed by the addition of formative syllables (most frequently ) to substantives or adjectives, e.g. and  (from );  (by favour) gratis (from );, frusta, but also empty, (from ), , parallel with the  ;  (from ) ; with ô in the last syllable, , for , in a twinkling, suddenly (from , the ô being probably obscured from an original â). —Moreover, cf. , and,. In both these cases, the formative syllable an has been first attached to the stem, and then the feminine ending îth, which is elsewhere used to form adverbs, has been added to it.

The termination occurs also in the formation of substantives, e.g., and hence the above adverbs may equally well be regarded as nouns used adverbially, so that , , would correspond to ,  (§ 85, Nos. 53, 54), cf. (with prep.) suddenly,. According to others, this am is an obsolete accusative ending, to be compared with the indeterminate accusative sing. in ăn in Arabic.