Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/305

 In the original ŭ of the first syllable is maintained by the sharpening of the following consonant (cf. Arab. ), with suff. , the, however, is (as also in the  in ); plur. , .—The form  given in Paradigm III, b is a -form of the stem, cf. ,.

4. To the fourth class, for which no Paradigm is required, belong all the numerous forms which in classical Hebrew have unchangeable vowels throughout, the originally short vowel of the first syllable having become, owing to the tone being thrown forward. Of the forms mentioned in and  those from  stems especially belong to this class, as, ,  ( and ), as well as the feminine of the participle  of verbs , e.g.  (from ), and generally the feminines of  stems which are compounded with the  , as  (from ), see ; from  stems perhaps also  (constr. st.  , &c.) and. Thus all these forms coincide externally with those which already, in the masculine form, have unchangeable vowels throughout (see the list of them in ).

5. The feminine ending (apart from -forms like, ) arises from the addition of the feminine  to the ending , which is employed to form adjectives, &c., see , , and. The ending, mentioned there, is attached, in segholate forms, sometimes to the ground-form, as  (v.l. ), sometimes to forms with a loosely-closed syllable, as ; from  stems we find forms sometimes like  (according to others from the stem , like  from ), sometimes like , , ; the latter retain the ā of the first syllable even in the ''constr. st. and before suffixes''. From a qăṭĭl-form is formed ; from a qăṭîl-form, &c.

In the plural of these forms different methods of treatment may be distinguished. In some cases the whole ending is retained, as if belonging to the stem (cf. above, f), e.g.  from, in others this ending is resolved, as in   (no doubt for mălekhuwwôth), and  ʿēdhewōth, from , but only with suffixes,  , &c.;  , &c.

In the following Paradigms, pp. to, a number of frequently used nouns are arranged, whose flexion presents more or less striking peculiarities. These peculiarities, however, are almost always subordinate to the usual phonetic laws, and the usual designation of the nouns as irregular is, therefore, not justified, when once the ground-forms are properly recognized on which the present forms are based.