Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/304

 witness (from, ), have likewise an unchangeable vowel in the first syllable. Cf., on the other hand, the forms from stems mentioned above, under e, such as, constr. st. ; moreover,, constr. st. (but, in  [so Baer, Ginsb., but Kittel ] , constr. st.  , perhaps from a stem ).

The feminines of the form qăṭŭl, like (masc. ), maintain the original ŭ by sharpening the following consonant (cf. ); on the other hand, by appending the fem., segholate forms arise like , before suff. , &c. Dual (see Paradigm II a); but cf. .

A few (aramaising) feminines from stems (Paradigm II, c) are found with the ending ăth;, due to the rejection of the final  or  and contraction of the preceding ă with the ă of the termination ăth; thus  (for mănăyăth or mănăwăth),  end (also  and ), plur. (constr. st., ) and ;  ; cf. and ; on, see .— (stem ) is obscured from , and this is contracted from ʾâyăth = ʾăwăyăth; plur. , with the double feminine ending; cf. above, f, and .—The retention of the ā in the first syllable in, &c., , &c., is abnormal.

3. Paradigm III, cf. the various forms in and f–h. The dual, , &c., taken directly from the plur. , for, is abnormal (cf. , and the proper name ).—Among the forms resembling participles  of verbs , such as  (masc.  from zâĭr, hence with unchangeable â), must be reckoned also  (from ), which has for its ''constr. st. plur. the pleonastic form, or written defectively (see ); for this the Masora everywhere requires , which is to be read bāmothê (not bŏmothê), with an anomalous shortening of the ô'' to ; but with suffixes , &c.

In a wider sense the feminines of the form  belong to this class, in so far as they shorten the â of the second syllable before the termination, e.g.  (from dallăqt), with suff. ; ; also fem. of the forms and  ( and d), as  (for ʾiwwălt), and of all the forms which have a changeable vowel in the second syllable, and are formed with the prefix  (–k), e.g.,  always ;  (not used in the sing.) pruning-hook, plur. ; ; reward, with suff. ; cf. also the examples given in and p, like  (but from, ), , , constr. , &c.

Sometimes the plural of these forms is to be traced to a secondary form, e.g., plur. (as if from ); also, which is merely formed on the analogy of the other plur. fem. of participles, is to be referred to a sing. . Cf., moreover,, plur. (as if from ) ; on the other hand, (of columns), and, are the regular plurals of  and.