Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/303

 From a stem  (, cf., however, Barth,  1887, p. 607, who assumes a stem ) the masculine  appears to have been formed after the rejection of the final, and afterwards the feminine ; but in the plural ,  , the  of the termination is retained (see above, d, ). In a similar way, , has arisen, if it is from the stem , and (from ), of which the masc. must have been  = ; on the other hand, the ''plur. constr.  (again retaining the feminine  as an apparent radical) can only be an abnormal formation from the singular'', not from a kindred form  or.

2. Paradigm II: ground-form qăṭălăt, &c., cf. , Paradigm II, a and b. Analogous to the masculine forms like, plur. , we find, &c.—The forms, like  (ṣidheqăth), are distinguished by the vocal   from the segholate forms, like  (kibh-săth). Consequently the ''constr. st.'', &c. (from ), and, &c. (from ), are abnormal.—Under the influence of a guttural (see Paradigm b) the original ă is retained in the first syllable in the ''constr. st.'' (cf. also, ); in other cases it is modified to , e.g. ,. Frequently from an ''absol. st.'' in the  is formed with the termination, e.g. , constr. (from ); along with, is found usually, even in the ''absol. st.; (from ) before suffixes is pointed as in, and thus entirely agrees with  (Paradigm I e''). From a stem is formed  (from ʾaɨmant, and this no doubt for an original ʾămint, ) before suffixes, &c.

From the masc. form (qăṭĭl) are formed, according to rule,, , constr. ;, constr. (for ), with suffix. More frequently, however, the ē of the second syllable is retained before the termination ath of the ''constr. st.; thus from once , and always , , , ,  (with Ḥireq compaginis'', see ),  ;  , &c. (with elision of the, ), also. Cf. the analogous forms of the ''constr. st.'', , from ,.

As dual we find (cf. , from the obsolete , feminine of ); the ''constr. st. is perhaps to be referred to a segholate form (, cf.  as constr. st.'' of ), unless the closed syllable be due to the analogy of  and  (see g).

In the forms with simple feminine the ground-form qăṭĭlt is developed  to qeṭalt, and this again regularly to. Thus the feminine of is  (with suffix , cf.  ), of  fem. besides .—Of stems the segholate forms  and  (from, ) belong to this class; Böttcher (Gram. i. 411) rightly distinguished the latter from  (stem ); in the same way also  is distinct from  (stem ).

The feminines of the form qăṭĭl from stems, as , fem.