Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/298

,  (probably also  ),  , and ,  (with the  here retained orthographically),  , &c., are still to be explained as singulars.—On a few other examples which may perhaps be thus explained, see. Before the plural ending the original termination ay reappears in  (part. Pu. from ).

4. Paradigm IV comprises the forms with a changeable vowel (a, b), or a vowel which has already become (c), in the first syllable, and an unchangeable vowel in the second. With Paradigm c (which, however, for the most part consists merely of forms based on analogy, without biblical parallels) are also connected all the forms which have unchangeable vowels in both syllables, and therefore (like ) cannot undergo any vowel changes.

Rem. 1. Analogous to (ground-form păqîd) are, , &c. (with ô, not changeable ô for ŭ); in substantives like, this ̂ is demonstrably obscured from â (Arab. sălâm); ibid. ,, , , &c.; , , ; ,  ; ,   (cf., however, the forms in the constr. st. , , and with the plural suffix   ff.); , ,  ; , , &c.

2. (ground-form ʿănîy, stem ) represents forms in which a final  has been resolved into î; before formative additions the original  under the protection of a  again becomes audible as a firm consonant, whilst the (originally short) vowel of the first Syllable becomes ; cf. ,, plur. , and.

3. with unchangeable â in the second syllable, whilst the  is weakened from a short vowel (Arab. kĭtâb); ''constr. st.  (readings like   are incorrect, although   and   are supported by fairly good authority; however, these qeṭâl''-forms in Hebrew are probably all loan-words from the Aramaic). The only plural form found in the O.T. is,. In a narrower sense the forms enumerated in – belong to this class; in a wider sense all those which have unchangeable vowels throughout, thus, (, cf., however, the anomalous forms mentioned there), ibid. –, (No. 34 f.),  (No. 39),  (No. 44), also partly – (especially  and ).

In opposition to the anomalous shortening of the form (see above), cases are also found where pretonic vowels are retained even in the antepenultima (with the secondary tone); cf. above, and, also of the form  (properly qăṭîl) the examples , , , whilst the ''constr. st. sing. according to the rule, changes the ā into Sewâ''. (These are not to be confounded with forms like, which is for , and consequently has an unchangeable .) Of the form (qăṭûl) in this class are , plur. and, , but with  of the secondary tone in the fifth syllable from the end, .—On , , &c., cf. .