Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/290

 (only in, before Maqqeph),   (but  ), ,  as well as , &c.; cf., moreover,   (for ,  from ).

C. The is, according to, regularly added to the already developed form, e.g.  :  , ; but also with a firmly closed syllable  ; under the influence of a guttural or , , , in   (cf.  , from ).

D. The suffixes of the singular are likewise added to the ground-form, but forms with middle guttural take instead of the ;, &c. (but also, , &c.). In a rather large number of -forms, however, before suffixes in the sing., as well as in the plur. and dual, the ă of the first syllable is attenuated to ĭ, thus, ; so in , , , , , , , , , , , , and many others. In some cases of this kind besides the form with ă there most probably existed another with original ĭ in the first syllable; thus certainly with beside,  beside , &c. (According to the, § 36, the in such cases takes è, the ; cf.    and   ;    and   . According to this theory  (so the best authorities)  would be the , although the accentuation requires an )—A weakening of the firmly closed syllable occurs in , &c. from and , , in both cases evidently owing to the influence of the palatal in the middle of the stem. With for ĭ:, , , &c.

E. In the plural the termination is found as well as, e.g. ,  together with  ( [but read ; see comm.]), &c.,. Other nouns have only the ending, e.g. ,  from. Without before the ending  we find. On the numerals, &c., cf. , note 2. Moreover a is not inserted before plural suffixes with the tone on the penultima in, &c., properly (a word which is only used in the  and at an early period became stereotyped as a kind of interjection).

F. In the a firmly closed syllable is sometimes found, contrary to the rule, e.g.  ;   ;  ; , and so always in  ,  , &c. (on the other hand, according to the best authorities not in, &c., though in  Ginsburg reads ); cf. . Even with a middle guttural .—The attenuation of ă to ĭ also occurs sometimes in this form (see above, ), e.g., &c., even   beside  , &c.

G. In the beside forms like, with suff. ,, &c. ,, (ă attenuated to ĭ,   with a firmly closed syllable), with suffixes , &c. (cf., however, ), forms with pretonic  are also found (in consequence of the