Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/287

 second syllable; cf. ), in the form of a pretonic, whilst the short vowel of the first syllable becomes vocal . The original a of the 2nd syllable is elided in the , so that the short vowel under the first radical then stands in a closed syllable. The omission of in a following  (, not , &c.) is due to the loss of a vowel between  and . On the other hand, the pretonic  of the  is retained before the light plural suffixes, whilst the grave suffixes are added to the form of the .—The ending of the  of the dual is added, as a rule, to the ground-form (so in a–d and h, but cf. k). The of the dual is generally the same as that of the plural, except, of course, in cases like m.

Paradigms g and h exhibit forms with middle u and i (, γ and δ); the ground forms and  are always contracted to, , except in the , where u and i are changed into the corresponding consonants  and.

Paradigm i exhibits one of the numerous forms in which the contraction of a middle u or i has already taken place in the (ground-form ).

Paradigm k is a formation from a stem (, ε).

Paradigms l, m, n are forms from stems, and hence (see ) originally biliteral, , , , with the regular lengthening to , ,. Before formative additions a sharpening, as in the inflexion of verbs, takes place in the second radical, e.g. , , &c. (see, β).

1. A. On I. a and d (ground-form ). In the full lengthening to ā generally takes place, thus, ,  (from ), and so always (except ), in  with the article, , according to  (cf. also in the LXX the forms ,  for , ). However, the form with è is also sometimes found in pause, along with that in ā, e.g. together with ; and very frequently only the form with, e.g. , , , , , , , &c.—With two , although with a middle guttural, we find  (in  ) and  (in  ), besides   (in  ). A helping always stands before a final, as ,  (with  ), ,  (also written ), except in , see v.

B. The is almost always the same as the. Sometimes, however, under the influence of a final guttural or, Pathaḥ appears in the second syllable as the principal vowel (see below, ), e.g. ;