Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/274

 Rem. The above examples are mostly rendered definite by the article, or by a following genitive of definition, or are proper names. But cases like, , show that the locative form of itself possessed a defining power.

(b) In a somewhat weakened sense, indicating the place where something is or happens (cf. ), e.g., ; (usually thither, see c), , cf. , and the expression to offer a sacrifice, properly towards the altar for on the altar. On the other hand,, and  , are to be regarded as ordinary accusatives of direction, to Babylon, into the habitation; also expressions like ,  (at the beginning of the verse, ), cf. ,,.

(c) The original force of the ending is also disregarded when it is added to a substantive with a preposition prefixed (cf. also ), and this not only after,  or  (which are easily explained), e.g. , , , ; , , , , cf. ; but also after, and even after , e.g. , , cf. ,, , , ; , ; cf. ,, , ,.

Rem. Old locative forms (or original accusatives) are, according to the Masora, still to be found in

(a), in , the usual word in prose for night, which is always construed as masculine. The nominative of this supposed old accusative appeared to be preserved in the form, only used in poetry, , ''constr. st''. (even used for the absol. st. in pause ). Most probably, however, is to be referred, with Nöldeke and others, to a reduplicated form ; cf. especially the western Aramaic, Syr. lilya, &c.—Another instance is, probably from , , generally with a negative=nothing. Similarly  and (in pause),  , and the place-name  , might be explained as accusatives. Elsewhere, however, the toneless can be regarded only as a meaningless appendage, or at the most as expressing poetic emphasis; thus  (in ) ;, ;  ; , ; ,  [in  , cf. ], &c. In  is probably only a scribal error (dittography). In instead of the quite unsuitable poetic word  (towards the sun??) read as in.