Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/264

 Both these forms (c and d) indicate customary occupations, inhering in the subject, like Greek nouns in της, τεύς, e.g. πολίτης, γραμματεύς.

3. Nouns with prefixed, denoting the place where a thing is (cf. ), or its neighbourhood, e.g., from ; , , from , ;  (for ) a cucumber field, from. Cf. ἀμπελών from ἄμπελος.

4. Nouns with the termination or  expressing adjectival ideas:, from ; , from ; , from ; probably also , hence coiled animal, serpent, from ; , from. Also abstracts, e.g., from. Cf. .— With a double termination (ôn or ân with î), (spirit); ;  [fem. plur.].

appears to be used as a diminutive ending (cf. the Syriac ) in (in the eye), apple of the eye, from  ; on the other hand, which was formerly regarded as a diminutive, is properly an adjectival form from  (hence, as it were, a rubbing creature); in the same way  is a denominative from  (=), properly upright (righteous people), and not a diminutive (pious little people, and the like); finally,  is not lunula, but an artificial moon (used as an ornament), and  not little neck, but necklace (from ). Cf. Delitzsch on.

5. Peculiar to denominatives is the termination, which converts a substantive into an adjective, and is added especially to numerals and names of persons and countries, in order to form ordinals, patronymics, and tribal names; e.g. , plur. , from ;, , from , , from , fem. and, plur. , ;, from ; , from , plur. , fem. and, plur. ;, plur. and, fem. , plur. ;, from When the original substantive is a compound, it is resolved again into two words, e.g. , from  (cf. on the use of the article in such cases, ).

Instead of we find in a few cases (a) the ending  (as in Aram.), e.g.  (crafty, or, according to others, churlish) if it stands for  and is not rather from a stem  or ;,  in pause; perhaps also ,  ; hardly  , ; but certainly in proper names as  (ferreus) Barzillai; and (b) ,