Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/260

 ) is a nomen verbale of, answering to the Aramaic infinitive of the causal stem (’Aph‛ēl), hence with suff.  , &c.

46. Nouns with prefixed. Besides the ordinary infinitives of  and, of  ,  (for hinq.), and of the conjugations formed with the prefix , this class also includes some rare  derived from  (cf. ), viz. (from ), ; (from ), [;, ];  (from ), [ an Aram. form: cf. ]; perhaps also, from haikăl, unless it is borrowed from the Assyrian; see the Lexicon. Cf. also

47. Nouns with prefixed, as, , (?); from verbs , e.g. , ; from a verb ,. Of a different character are the many proper names which have simply adopted the imperfect form, as, , &c.

48. Nouns with prefixed. This preformative Mêm, which is no doubt connected with, and (see § 37 and ), appears in a very large number of nouns, and serves to express the most varied modifications of the idea of the stem: (1) , when preformative of the participles Piʿēl, Hiphʿîl, Hithpaʿēl, and other active conjugations. (2), when preformative of the participles Puʿal, Hophʿal, and other passive conjugations, as well as of numerous nouns. (3), as in , &c. (4), as in , &c.

As regards the formation of these nouns, it is to be remarked that the preformative was originally in most cases followed by a short ă. This ă, however, in a closed syllable is frequently attenuated to ĭ; in an open syllable before the tone it is lengthened to ā (so also the ĭ, attenuated from ă, is lengthened to ē), and in (with suff. ) it even becomes unchangeable â. But in an open syllable which does not stand before the tone, the a necessarily becomes.

The following forms are especially to be noticed: (a) ground-form măqṭăl, in Hebrew, e.g. ; fem. , , (for  by ) business; from a verb , ; from verbs , , ; from verbs ,  (from maiṭăb); with  (or ) assimilated, ; from verbs , , and with the shortening of the ă under the preformative,  (from  developed to a segholate), fem. ; from a verb , probably of this class is , the ă lengthened to ā and obscured to ô (Arabic măqâm); from verbs , ,  (for ) prop. intention, only in.

(b) Ground-form miqṭăl (the usual form of the infin. in Aramaic), Hebr. , e.g. (in  also, where Baer requires, read with ed. Mant., Ginsburg, &c. ) a cattle-drive, fem. ,  (with  instead of ĭ, but in constr. st.  ; cf. ), ; from verbs , e.g.  (from mĭ-săb; ĭ in the open syllable being lengthened to ē; but cf. also   as  from  with sharpening of the first radical; cf. ); from verbs , , fem..