Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/259

 crooked,,  ; ; also words denoting colours,  ( in pause) reddish, fem. , plur. ;, plur. fem. ; qeṭalṭĭl, (to be read in  for ); qeṭalṭŭl,  (fem.) blackish;  (augmented from ). From a verb with aphaeresis of the initial syllable. Moreover, of the same form, probably, is (for, cf. ). Also in   is to be read instead of  (from the sing.  a digging or burrowing animal, perhaps the mole). But, (ed. Mant., Baer, Ginsb. ), is an evident mistake due to dittography; read  as in.

IX. Nouns in which the Whole (Biliteral) Stem is repeated.

Naturally this class includes only isolated forms of the stems and  (on  see  under ). Thus:—

40., and, with attenuation of the first ă to ĭ, (from ); fem. (from or );  (for kirkar) a talent; cf. also (from kăwkăb, Arabic kaukăb, for ),, for ;  probably a whirring locust.

41. infin. Pilpēl (prop. Palpĭl) from ; fem. (from ).

42. perhaps a ruby (for kădkŭd), from.

43. (for qŭdqŭd), from ; fem. (for gŭlgŭlt), from.

44., from ; , from ; (?).

These include nouns which are directly derived from verbal forms having preformatives (Hiphʿîl, Hophʿal, Hithpaʿēl, Niphʿal, &c.), as well as those which are formed with other preformatives, and finally those which are formed with afformatives. The quadriliterals and quinqueliterals also are taken in connexion with these formations, inasmuch as they arise almost always by the addition or insertion of one or two consonants to the triliteral stem.

X. Nouns with Preformatives.

45. Nouns with prefixed. Cf. the substantives with, such as  (, ; elsewhere always ); , ,  (others mattock, or clod),  or. In these examples the is a ‘euphonic’ prefix (Barth, ibid., § 150 b); in other cases it is ‘essential’; cf. especially the adjectives,, , (for ʾaitan) [=the Arab. ‘elative’, used for expressing the compar. and superl. degrees]. The fem. (of the