Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/257



This includes all forms which have arisen, either through the doubling of the middle radical, or the repetition of one or of two consonants of the simple stem.

VI. Nouns with the Middle Consonant sharpened.

As in the corresponding verbal stems (cf. ), so also in some noun-formations of this class, the Dageš in the second radical expresses an intensification of the idea of the stem, either emphasizing the energy of the action or relation, or else indicating a longer continuance of the relation or state. Other nouns of this character are evidently only by-forms of the nouns derived from the simple stem, which were treated in the last section: cf. the instances adduced under and, and Barth, , Introd., p. x.

17. The ground-form qăṭṭăl is mostly lengthened in Hebrew to ; cf. , fem., ''constr. st. (from ʾăyyălt''); cf. also the fem. (originating from ) (according to  for lăhhābhā),  (for ḥarrābhā),  and,  and , ,. Adjectives of this class (‘intensified participles of the active verb’, Barth, ibid., § 33) are, , , (for kaḥḥâš, by ) lying. also, curiously enough, are so treated in Hebrew (at least in the of the sing.), although the corresponding Arabic form qăttâl points to an original (unchangeable) â in the second syllable; cf. , (constr. st.  ),,  (for ḥarrâš) artificer (constr. st. , but plur. constr. );  (for parrâš), ''const. st.''.

18. The ground-form qĭṭṭăl appears in, (the ĭ being lengthened to ē according to ), if these forms go back to original ṣĭḥḥăy, gĭʾʾăy. On the analogy, however, of the adjectives denoting defects (see d below), we should rather expect a ground-form qĭṭṭĭl; moreover, ʾiwwalt, ground-form of the fem., goes back to an original iwwilt, see.

19. The ground-form qŭṭṭăl and qŭṭṭŭl; cf. the fem.,.

20. The ground-form qăṭṭĭl; from the intensive stem, the infinitives of the form.

21. The ground-form qĭṭṭĭl, in Hebrew lengthened to. Of this form are a considerable number of adjectives which denote a bodily or mental fault or defect. Cf. ,, , , (for ḥirrēš), , , ;  follows the same analogy.

22. The ground-form qăṭṭâl, cf. the remarks in b above, on the ; moreover, to this class belong infinitives of the Aramaic form ; ; with middle guttural (see ) ; but cf. also, with full lengthening of the original ă before ;. From the attenuation of the ă of this form to ĭ, arises undoubtedly:

23. The ground-form qĭṭṭâl, e.g. (Arab. ʾăkkâr).

24. The ground-form qĭṭṭôl, most probably only a variety of the form qăṭṭâl with the ă attenuated to ĭ (as in No. 23), and the â obscured to ô (as in and