Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/256

 and develops to  (cf., Paradigm IV, ) or , with â obscured to ô (as above, ). Cf. ,, (Arab. ),  (the last three probably loan-words from the Aramaic); of the other form, ,  (Arab. ),  (Arab. ); with  ,  (twice: usually ); fem. (Arab. );, (Arab. ).

11. The ground-form seems to occur e.g. in Hebrew, , , ,  (the prop. name  points to the ground-form , cf. Arab. ).

12. The ground-form or, Hebr. , e.g., ; fem. ,.

Rem. When the forms and  begin with, they almost invariably take in the singular a  under the  instead of the ordinary ; cf. ,, , , , , ; cf. , and the analogous cases of for  in verbal forms, ,.

IV. Nouns with a Long Vocal in the First Syllable and originally a Short Vowel in the Second Syllable.

13. The ground-form, in Hebrew, always changes the â into an obscure ô, , e.g.  (, Paradigm III, ), Arab. , ; (Arab. )  (according to Barth a loan-word of Egyptian origin), fem. (from ); (unless from a stem, like  from ; see the analogous cases in ). On the participles of verbs  (, Paradigm III, ), cf. ; on the feminines of the participles, which are formed with the termination , see below, s.

Rem. Of a different kind (probably from a ground-form ) are such forms as (or   in the same verse) ;, , &c.

14. The ground-form also becomes in Hebrew almost invariably. Besides participles active masc. Qal this class includes also feminines of the form, if their ground-form  goes back to an original. The substantives of this form, such as (Arab. ), were also originally participles. The fem. of the substantives has ē (lengthened from ĭ) retained before the tone, e.g. (cf. also, ; ,  f., ; , ); the participles as a rule have the form , &c., the original ĭ having become ; however, the form with  occurs also in the latter, , , ,  (all in principal ; in subordinate  , ; with a conjunctive accent, ).

15. The ground-form, Hebrew (as , ) or  e.g. , commonly , and to be so read, with Baer, also in , not.

V. Nouns with a Long Vowel in each Syllable

16., e.g. . The few forms of this kind are probably derived from the ground-form ( ?), i.e. the original â has become an obscure ô.