Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/253

 or third radical be a guttural, a helping  takes the place of the helping, according to , e.g. , , ; but with middle  or , note ,  (as well as ) womb, , ; so with final , , &c.; with a middle guttural also the modification of the principal vowel ă to è does not occur, e.g. , ,  (exceptions, again, , ). On the inflexion, cf. , Paradigm I, –, and the explanations. In, the has wholly lost its consonantal value.

Examples of feminines: (directly from the ground-form, ),  (also ),  (also ); with a middle guttural ,  (also ). Cf. , Paradigm I.

(b) From weak stems: (α) from stems, e.g. (from , hence with formative additions, e.g.  for , my nose);  (ground-form ); fem. ; (β) from stems  (, Paradigm I, –); ,  (so, when in close connexion with the next word; unconnected ; with article , , &c.);  in the sense of , but  (in close connexion also ); , with the article in close connexion , unconnected ; with the ă always lengthened to ā, ; fem. , and with attenuation of the ă to ĭ, ; from the ground-form , ; fem. ; from the ground-form , , fem. . (γ) from stems  (Paradigm I,  and );  (from , the u passing into the corresponding consonant, as in ) or contracted , , ; fem. (also contracted ); from the ground-form, ; fem. . (δ) from stems (Paradigm I, );  (with a helping  instead of a helping ) from , the i passing into the corresponding consonant; or contracted ,   (elsewhere ) ; fem. ; from the ground-form , ; fem. . (ε) from stems  (Paradigm I, ); partly forms such as , , , , partly such as ,  (ground-form , ); cf. also the forms from stems originally, (ground-form ); fem. , ; from stems , , and with attenuation of ă to ĭ , also , formed no doubt directly from the masc. with the fem. termination ; from the ground-form, (from ); fem. ,  and ; from the ground-form ,  (from ) , ; , for , ; fem. (directly from ).

The masculines as well as the feminines of these forms may have either an abstract or a concrete meaning. In the form the  or at any rate the abstract meaning is by far the more common (e.g., abstract of ; , &c.).