Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/235

 probably these forms are simply to be attributed to a Masoretic school, which in general marked the difference between certain forms by the use of é for ē, and conversely ē for é; cf. the analogous examples in, and especially , also Kautzsch, Grammatik des Bibl.-Aram., § 17, 2, Rem. 1.—On the reading  (for, on the analogy of the reading , &c., ), see Baer’s note on the passage.

3. The shortening of the (see above, k, and the note on hh) occasions in  the following changes:

(a) As a rule the first radical takes a helping, or, if the second radical is a guttural, a helping (according to ). Thus for ;, ; ; ; ,.

(b) The ĭ of the preformative is then sometimes lengthened to ē, e.g. . This, however, mostly happens only after the preformative, whilst after the homogeneous ĭ remains, e.g.  (but ),  (but ),  (but ); with middle guttural ,   (from ). The unusual position of the tone in,   (so Baer and Ginsb.; ed. Mant. , ) is best explained (except in  , before ) on the analogy of , &c., , as due to the following. But cf. also hh

(c) The helping vowel is elsewhere not used under the circumstances mentioned in ;, , cf. ; on the other hand, with ĭ lengthened into ē (see p), , ,. The form, occurs parallel with (but 3rd  always ), the latter with the original  on account of the following , and identical with the 3rd ''sing. masc. of the imperf. consec. Hiphʿîl'',.

(d) Examples of verbs primae gutturalis (§ 63), and at the same time, are , in , from ; , from  (always identical with the corresponding forms in ), , from. On some similar forms of see .—In the following cases the initial (hard) guttural does not affect the form:,  (3rd plur. ),  (with  and ) let it rejoice, ; cf. .—On, , ( as well as ), &c., see , c, f.

(e) The verbs, and , of which the shortened imperfects ought to be yihy and yiḥy, change these forms to and , the second  being resolved into î at the end of the word; but in   , , with the original ă modified to  with the tone (cf. also nouns like  for bakhy. in  ;  for ‛ŏny, &c., , and ). For, however, in , since no verb exists, we must read either , or better  (Samaritan ), as  of .—Analogous to  from , there occurs once, from , the form  for , , but no doubt  is the right reading.

The full forms (without apocope of the, cf. ) not infrequently occur after , especially in the 1st pers. and in the later books, e.g., twenty times, and in , but never in the Pentateuch ( fifteen times, of which three are in the Pent.); also in the