Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/228

  in Arabic) to comprehend, to measure, ;  (as in Arabic and Syriac) to rush upon, and the denominative   (from ) to pass the summer, . On the other hand,, , generally explained as , denominative from , probably represents a denominative ,.

Corresponding to verbs properly, mentioned in , there are certain verbs with consonantal , as , , ,.

Rem. 1. In the 3rd fem. sing.  occurs once,, for , with the weakening of the toneless ā to ĕ (as in the fem. participle  ); cf. the analogous examples in and .—2nd ''sing. masc.,  (before ; cf. ); 1st sing. once  , milraʿ, without any apparent reason; 1st plur.   for lán-nû''. The lengthened has the tone on the ultima before gutturals,  ; see further, .—Examples of the  are:, , ;  ; ,. On the other hand, (for ),  ,   , are irregular and perhaps due to incorrect scriptio plena; for the last the  requires , but read ; cf. .

2. The shortened imperfect usually has the form, , ; more rarely, with the tone moved back, e.g. , cf. , . So with , ; with a middle guttural   (see ); with  as 3rd radical,. As jussive of, is found in  (in ) and , for .—For   Keth. (Qere ) read.

3. As participle active Qal, occurs once, ;  , , ; feminine  , in the , even according to the reading of the Oriental schools (see p. 38, note 2): the  has. A of  (cf. above,  and s, and ) from  may perhaps be seen in   (also  ,  ; the Samaritan in both places has ), and also in  , Samaritan. Against the explanation of as a -form from, Barth (, Berlin, 1890, p. 151) rightly urges that the only example of a Hiphʿîl of  is the doubtful , which is probably an ĭ-imperfect of .—The explanation of , &c., as a  of  arising from yiysam, &c. = yuysam (so Barth, ibid., note 1), is certainly also unconvincing, so that the correctness of the traditional reading is open to question.



4. In verbs the  always retains its censonantal value; these stems are, therefore, to be regarded as verbs middle Guttural (§ 64). An exception is  if it be  of  (for ); but if the form has really been correctly transmitted, it should rather be referred to, and regarded as incorrectly written for. On (from ), which was formerly treated here as, see now.