Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/227

 used to be treated as having a double set of forms, a regular series, and others like  without the preformative, e.g.  ; , also  ; , , also. The above perfects (,, &c.) might no doubt be taken as forms middle ē (properly ĭ), the ĭ of which has been lengthened to î (like the ŭ lengthened to ŭ in the of ). It is more probable, however, that they are really shortened forms of. This is supported by the fact that, especially in the case of, the shortened forms are few and probably all late, while the corresponding unshortened forms with the same meaning are very numerous, e.g.  (but  only in ), ,   (but infin. abs.  only in ),   (only in   immediately before , also  three times, and  ),. Elsewhere -forms are in use along with actual -forms with the same meaning, thus: (also ),  (but only in, which, with the critically untenable  , is the only instance of  in ),  , with ''infin. Qal ;, with , ; , also in  ; , with imperat. Qal''. As passives we find a few apparent imperfects Hophʿal, which are really (according to ) imperfects passive of, e.g.  from ,  from ,  from.

2. The above-mentioned -forms might equally well be derived from verbs ; and the influence of the analogy of verbs is distinctly seen in the   (ground-form nabān), Pôlēl, and Hithpôlēl. The very close relation existing between verbs and  is evident also from the fact that from some stems both forms occur side by side in, thus from  also  ;  commonly  (  Qere),  , but. In other verbs one form is, at any rate, the more common, e.g. ( only  ); from  (perhaps denominative from ) to spend the night,  occurs six times as,  only in ; but the  is always , &c.—Of verbs  the most common are , , , ; cf. also  (middle