Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/222

 employed in the sense of  and as a substitute for it, e.g.  from ;, , , , from ; , passive , from ; reflexive  (cf.   in ) from ; reciprocal ,. The conjugation Pilpēl, on the analogy of verbs , is less common, e.g., from ;  from ;  from.

I. On Qal.

1. Of verbs middle e and o, in which, as in the strong verb, the and  have the same form, the following are the only examples:  , 2nd   (cf. ; ); 1st sing. ,  (even in , ); plur. , 1st pers. , in  ; , , , , ;  ; ,. (plur., ); ,. For  read, or, with LXX,.

Isolated anomalies in the are:  (with the original ending of the  for )  (see );   (see ).—In   (for  from ) the  has been dropped contrary to custom. In  (instead of ) the Masora seems to point to the   which is what would be expected; as  precedes, it is perhaps simply a scribal error.

The form occurs (cf. ) with  in the,  , also in the  , , , , , plur. ;  (unless  is to be read, from a stem  whence  , ), ;  ; also in   is to be read with Ben-Naphtali for. On the analogy of participles of verbs middle ō (like, see above) occurs for   and even with a transitive meaning , ;  .—, ; but , , and ,  (cf.  ), are verbal adjectives of the form qāṭûl , not passive participles. For, , read as in ; for   read.

2. Imperfects in û almost always have the corresponding and  in û, as,  and   (also defectively written , ); but  (infin. ), has   , ;   ; cf. (also ) and   (elsewhere ) with the imperfects  and ;  ;  ;   (verse 16 ).

Where the (always intransitive in meaning) has ô the  and  also have it; thus , infin. and imper.  or  ;  , , ; , , &c.—  (if it be a verb at all and not rather a substantive) is formed on the analogy of verbs ,