Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/221

 ,, , as well as before the afformatives  and  or before suffixes, , , ,. For in all these cases the tone is removed from the to the following syllable, and this forward movement of the tone produces at the same time a weakening of the î to ē; thus,  (or ; on  , cf. x), but , &c., , &c.; ,  (cf., however,  ). In the same way in the 1st ''pers. sing. of the, the ô before the separating vowel is always modified to û'' ; cf. v. In the and  the separating vowel  always bears the tone.

Without the separating vowel and consequently with the tone-long ō and ē instead of û and î we find in  (see );   (also  in the same verse);   (cf.  ; on the   cf. above, note on ); , from  ( , see ); in , e.g.  , also  ;  ;  ; with a separating vowel, e.g.   from. without occurs in the  in , ; and in  : the Dageš in the Nûn is, with Baer, to be rejected in all three cases according to the best authorities. Wholly abnormal is, probably an erroneous transposition of  (for ), unless it originates from an incorrect spelling  or.

6. The tone, as in verbs (cf. ), is also generally retained on the stem-syllable in verbs  before the afformatives, , ; thus  (but also  , probably for the sake of rhythmical uniformity with the following ; after   );  (but also , cf. , , , , , ;  ; so especially before a following , cf. , ;  ; before , , , ); , , but before a suffix or with Nûn paragogic  ;  , &c.

7. The formation of the conjugations, , and is, strictly speaking, excluded by the nature of verbs. It is only in the latest books that we begin to find a few secondary formations, probably borrowed from Aramaic, on the analogy of verbs (with consonantal, see below, gg); e.g. the  , only in  ; and with change of  to ,  ,  ,   , infin.  ,  &c.,  &c., imperat.  ;   from. The , which belongs to the older language, is probably a denominative from. On the other hand the otherwise less common conjugation Pôlēl (see ), with its passive and reflexive, is usually