Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/214

 2. The frequently has the lengthening by, e.g. ,. From, Arab. wăhăbă, only the is used in Hebrew; it has the form, lengthened  generally with the meaning age, go to, hence in  even addressed to several persons (  before  to avoid the hiatus);   ,  on the analogy of the plural  (once in   before the tone-syllable; but cf. ), whilst, on the analogy of other imperatives Qal of verbs , ,  would be expected.—On  , cf. .

3. The with  elided takes ă in the second syllable, besides the cases mentioned above (under f), also in   (cf. ) and in the pausal form , &c. (from, see x); on  see above, f. The ă in the second syllable, when followed by the afformative  ( &c.), is in accordance with the law mentioned above (under c), by which ă takes the place of ĭ in a doubly closed syllable. Forms with ē in the second syllable shorten the ē to, when the tone is drawn back (before a tone-syllable or after ), e.g. ; , ; but ē is retained in an open syllable, even with Milʿel-tone, in  , , in both cases with nasog ʾaḥor,. The pausal is either of the form  or  ; the 1st pers. sing., whether in or out of pause, is, &c., except  , see x.—For   (cf. the note above, on b and the analogous cases in )  is intended.

The of the form  is frequently (especially before afformatives) written defectively, in which case the î can always be recognized as a long vowel by the  (see ), e.g. ,  ; and so always , as distinguished from  (imperf. Qal of ).—On  ,  Keth, and  , see.

From, the is , which can only have arisen through a depression of the vowel from  (ground-form yaukhal=yawkhal), to distinguish it, according to Qimḥi, from , just as, according to ,  is differentiated from. Cf. the Arabic yauruʿu (yôruʿu) from waruʿa, yauǵalu (yôǵalu) from waǵila, as also the vulgar Arabic (among towns-people) yûṣal, &c., from waṣala. Others regard as an  (he is enabled=he can), always used instead of the ; cf., however, .— occurs in  as 2nd ''sing. fem. for, according to König because the 2nd had been sufficiently indicated previously.—Further  or  is to be regarded with M. Lambert ( xxxvii, no. 73) as impf. Qal (not Hiphʿil) of (the supposed impf. Qal''   is critically very doubtful). This is shown especially by the passages in which the  is immediately preceded by the ''imperat. Qal or infin. Qal'', or is followed by the (but in  by the ).

4. The attenuation of ă to ĭ in the (in a toneless, closed syllable) which is discussed in  (cf. ) occurs in verbs  in a few forms of , , , &c. (always after ), as well as of, e.g. , &c., , , , , , (always after  for ). In both cases the attenuation might be explained from the tendency to assimilate the vowels, especially if the initial was pronounced, as in Syriac, like i. In the case of, however, a secondary form (cf. ) is probably to be assumed, since in Arabic also the verb is wărĭṯă. The forms