Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/205

 II. On Niphʿal.

5. Besides the ordinary form of the  with  (in  ) and the   with  in the second syllable, there is also another with, and a third with , e.g.  , , ;  (for ) ; part. ,, ; , , (perf. ); with ō, e.g. , ; cf. ,, , , b. In the with ō in the second syllable, on the analogy of verbs  (from which König would also explain the perfects with ō), we find ,  (unless this form should be referred to  with Qimḥi, Olshausen, König); , , ;  (for tirrōṣ) ; with ē in the second syllable , , but  , and  ,  , &c. For infinitives, cf. , (as inf. constr.;  as inf. absol.); again, with compensatory lengthening in the first syllable, , , but with suffix  ; also , and , ; in the , only ,. On, , and the corresponding imperf. , &c., cf. dd.

Examples of the with sharpening of the initial syllable are,, ,  (from );  (from ) ,  (also  );  (from ) ; cf. with this in the, (for niḥḥāmîm) , and  : in the  and  such a virtual strengthening of the guttural after preformatives never occurs.—The occurrence of u instead of ô as a separating vowel in the    is abnormal.

III. On Hiphʿîl and Hophʿal.

6. The second syllable in sometimes has  instead of, especially under the influence of  and the gutturals, e.g.  , , , , in , cf. ; otherwise, plur.. In, , cf. , and in  (perhaps also in , but cf. ) there is an assimilation to the corresponding forms of verbs , see z. Also  ,  (in ) ; inf. , , in. But also with other consonants, e.g.,  ;  ; plur.   (and so usually in the 3rd plur. perf, except before  and gutturals, e.g. ); imper. , ; plur. , ;   Thou dost afflict; part.  (on ē in the first syllable, see under i) shadowing,  (but   is assimilated to the form of verbs , unless, with Moore, we simply read , or, with incorrect spelling, . So in the    , and in the   is ).

The ē of the second syllable, when without the tone, may become ĕ, e.g.  (see also x). It is unusual (cf. ) to find the ē written fully as in the. Instead of a