Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/203

 and   f.); in a few verbs also Pilpēl  is found, e.g., Hithpalpēl  (from ); imperative with suffix , ; ; passive  (from ). These forms cannot appear in a biliteral form any more than , , and ; cf.   and  .—For   read, according to ,.

I. On Qal.

1. In the, isolated examples are found with ō in the first syllable, which it is customary to refer to triliteral stems with middle ō (like , ); viz. , to ;,  to ;   to. But this explanation is very doubtful: especially is rather to be classed among the passives of Qal mentioned in.

2. Imperfects Qal with ō in the second syllable keep the original a in the preformative, but lengthen it to ā, as being in an open syllable, hence, , , , (trans. he breaks in pieces, but  intrans.= he is evil); imperfects with ă have, in the preformative, an ē, lengthened from ĭ. See the examples below, under p, and e,, and specially Barth in  1894, p. 5 f.

The Ḥōlĕm of the infinitive, imperative, and  is only tone-long, and therefore, as a rule, is written defectively (with a few exceptions, chiefly in the later orthography, e.g., ;  ;  ver. 7;  for , , ). When this ō loses the tone, it becomes in the final syllable ŏ, in a sharpened syllable ŭ, or not infrequently even ŏ (see above, k). Examples of ŏ are: (a) in a toneless final syllable, i.e. before or in the,  (rŏn) to rejoice, ;   (once even with ŭ in a toneless final syllable,  ); on the other hand, in the plur. ,  ; (b) before a tone-bearing afformative or suffix, e.g. ''imperative 2nd sing. fem., (cf. ff); ;  ;   ;   (for the defective writing, cf.  ). In  ,  (for ) this ŏ'' is thrown back to the preformative.

On the 2nd plur. fem. imperat. , cf. the analogous forms in .-Quite abnormal is the   (as  follows, probably only a case of dittography for, cf.   and  ); so also are the imperatives  , and  , , with. We should expect,. If these forms are to be read qŏballî, ʾŏrallî, they would be analogous to such cases as, the addition of the   causing no change in the form of the word ( like  above). If, however, as Jewish tradition requires, they are to be read qāballî, ʾārallî, then in both cases the must be explained, with