Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/202

 6. The original vowel is retained, see f, (a) in the preformative of the  for yă-sōb (cf., , and for verbs  § 72); (b) in the   for nă-săb ; (c) in  , with irregular lengthening (no doubt on the analogy of verbs ) for hōsăb from hŭ-sab, imperfect  from yŭ-sab, &c.

On the other hand, an already attenuated vowel (i) underlies the intransitive imperfects Qal with ă in the second syllable (probably for the sake of dissimilating the two vowels), e.g. for yĭ-măr (see p); and in the preformative of   from hĭ-sēb (ground-form, ), as well as of the participle  (ground-form ), on the analogy of the perfect. In the second syllable of the Perf. the underlying vowel is ĭ, attenuated from an original ă, which in the strong verb is abnormally lengthened to î. The lengthened from ĭ is, of course, only tone-long, and hence when without the tone and before we have e.g. . On the retention of the original ă in the second syllable, cf. v.

7. The tone, as a general rule, tends to keep to the stem-syllable, and does not (as in the strong verb) pass to the afformatives, and  (2nd sing. fem. imperfect); e.g. 3rd ''sing. fem. perfect'', in ; with  and gutturals  (for ),  ; on the other hand, with    (but  ). In the 3rd ''plur. perfect'' the tone-syllable varies; along with, , we also find and ,  ,  , &c.; but in  always , , &c. The tone likewise remains on the stem-syllable in the in, ;  , ;  ,  &c. In the forms with separating vowels, the tone is moved forward to these vowels (or to the final syllable, cf. ee), e.g., , &c.; except before the endings and  in the , which always bear the tone. This shifting of the tone naturally causes the shortening of the merely tone-long vowels ē and ō to ĭ and ŭ (or ŏ, see n), hence from,  from ; on cases in which the vowel of the preformative becomes , see above, f

8. In several verbs, instead of , and , the less frequent conjugation , with its passive and reflexive, occurs (most probably on the analogy of the corresponding forms of verbs , cf. ), generally with the same meaning, e.g. , passive , reflexive  (from ; cf. the Hithpôʿēl from