Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/192

 such nouns as, , .—On   for  (according to Qimḥi, and others, rather ) cf. .

and, , , , may be explained with Barth ( 1889, p. 179) as i-imperfects (see above, ),—the latter for the purpose of distinction from the causative .—Instead of the unintelligible form  (so ed. Mant.; Baer and Ginsb. as in )  and   (partly analogous to  ) the Qal  is to be read. The form  which is, according to Qimḥi (in ; but in his Lexicon he explains it as ), a composite form of   and , can only be understood as a development of  (cf.  on , and  on  , ). Pathaḥ has taken the place of, but as a mere helping-vowel (as in , note 2) and without preventing the closing of the syllable. It is much simpler, however, to take it as a forma mixta, combining the readings (impf. Qal) and  (impf. Piʿel).

II. On Hiphʿîl and Hophʿal.

3. The above-mentioned (, 3) change of to  occurs in the, especially when  precedes, and the tone is in consequence thrown forward upon the afformative, e.g. , but  , , ; , but  , ; even in the 3rd sing.  .—On the contrary  occurs instead of  in the , ; and in the. The preformative of in  always takes a in a closed syllable:  ; verse 5 ; also verse 25 and.

4. In the  is sometimes changed into, and in   into  (cf. );  ,  ,  , , , always before , and hence evidently with the intention of strengthening the countertone-syllable ( or ) before the guttural. On a further case of this kind see. Something similar occurs in the formation of segholate nouns of the form qŏṭl; cf. , and (on &c. for ) .—In the imperfect consecutive  the tone is thrown back on to the first syllable. On the , &c., see.

III. and.

5. In the verbs, and , the guttural hardly ever affects the addition of preformatives; thus  and ,  ); but in the   (2nd plur.  , and even without , ). Initial  always has  instead of ; , ,  ,  (except   ). The 2nd sing. fem. imperative of  is , ; the infinitive, with suffix,  . After the prefixes , , , ,  (=) both  and  retain the simple Šewâ  and the prefix takes ĭ, as elsewhere before strong consonants with ; hence in the  ,  ,  ,  &c. (cf. , ε). The only exception is the 2nd sing. masc. of the after ; , &c.,.