Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/190

 with original ĭ in the first and ă in the second syllable,, and also to the imperfects of verbs , ; but cf. also, , and ; in Niph., e.g. ; , &c.; in Hiph. ,   &c.: sometimes

(d) followed by, e.g. , , , in ;  ;.

Rem. With regard to the above examples the following points may also be noted: (1) The forms with a firmly closed syllable (called the hard combination) frequently occur in the same verb with forms containing a loosely closed syllable (the soft combination). (2) In the 1st ''sing. imperfect Qal'' the preformative invariably takes, whether in a firmly or loosely closed syllable, e.g.  (with the cohortative ),  (in ), &c. In  must unquestionably be, since elsewhere the pointing is always. Cohortatives like  and , are explained by the next remark. (3) The shifting of the tone towards the end frequently causes the of the preformative to change into, and vice versa, e.g. , but  3rd ''sing. fem.'';, but ; , but with , &c.; so   the plur. of, cf. ; and thus generally a change of the stronger group  into the lighter  group takes place whenever the tone is moved one place toward the end (cf. ).

3. When in forms like, , the vowel of the final syllable becomes a in consequence of the addition of an afformative  or suffix, the  of the guttural is changed into the corresponding short vowel, e.g. , plur. (ya-ʿa-me-dhû as an equivalent for yaʿ-me-dhû);. But even in these forms the hard combination frequently occurs, e.g. (cf. in the sing., also );  (also ) they are strong. Cf. and, in general,,.

4. In the infinitive, imperative, and imperfect Niphʿal, where the first radical should by rule be strengthened, the strengthening is always omitted, and the vowel of the preformative lengthened to ; for yiʿʿāmēd, &c. Cf. —For  (according to Dillmann, to prevent the pronunciation, which the LXX and Samaritan follow) read.

Remarks

I. On Qal.

1. In verbs the  and imperative take Ḥaṭeph-Seghôl in the first syllable (according to ), e.g., , ,