Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/189



In this class the deviations from the ordinary strong verb may be referred to the following cases:—

1. Instead of a, the initial guttural takes a. Thus the, , and the  ,  from , correspond to the forms  and ; also  to , and so always with initial  before a suffix for an original ă, according to.

2. When a preformative is placed before an initial guttural, either the two may form a closed syllable, or the vowel of the preformative is repeated as a under the guttural. If the vowel of the preformative was originally a, two methods of formation may again be distinguished, according as this a remains or passes into Seghôl.

Examples: (a) of firmly closed syllables after the original vowel of the preformative (always with ō in the second syllable, except,  &c. from , and ; but cf. ): , , , ,   (probably to distinguish it from the name , just as in , &c., the participle fem. Niphʿal of  is  to distinguish it from ), &c., and so generally in the  of stems beginning with , although sometimes parallel forms exist, which repeat the ă as a , e.g. , &c. The same form appears also in the, &c. Very rarely the original ă is retained in a closed syllable under the preformative of the :  ; cf. , ; also the ,  , and the   (see above),. In these forms the original ă is commonly kept under the preformative and is followed by ; thus in the of some verbs, e.g. , &c.; in the ,  ; in the  , , &c.

(b) Of the corresponding after the original vowel:  (but   in pause),, , , and so almost always with  and often with  in the imperfects of  and ; in , , ; but cf. also,.

The ă of the preformative before a guttural almost always (, cf. ) becomes (cf., however, ). This again appears sometimes

(c) in a closed syllable, e.g., , , , always with ă in the second syllable, corresponding to the imperfects of verbs ,