Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/188

, but  (with î on account of the open syllable, cf. ), e.g. ,.

3. Like the infinitives, the participles can also be united with either verbal or noun-suffixes; see. In both cases the vowel of the participles is shortened or becomes before the suffix, as in the corresponding noun-forms, e.g. from the form :, , &c.; but before  , &c., or with the original ĭ,  , &c.,   (coinciding in form with the 1st sing. imperfect Qal, ; cf. ); with a middle guttural , ; with a third guttural,  , but ,  , cf. . The form, with suffix ; before sometimes like  ,  , sometimes like. In  is irregular for ; instead of the meaningless   read.

Also unusual (see above, ) with participles are the suffixes of the 2nd sing. masc. with, as ; cf. ,.

Brockelmann,, p. 584 ff.

Verbs which have a guttural for one of the three radicals differ in their inflexion from the ordinary strong verb, according to the general rules in. These differences do not affect the consonantal part of the stem, and it is, therefore, more correct to regard the guttural verbs as a subdivision of the strong verb. At the most, only the entire omission of the strengthening in some of the verbs middle guttural (as well as in the of verbs first guttural) can be regarded as a real weakness. On the other hand, some original elements have been preserved in guttural stems, which have degenerated in the ordinary strong verb; e.g. the ă of the initial syllable in the, as in , which elsewhere is attenuated to ĭ, .—In guttural verbs and  are only taken into consideration when they are actual consonants, and not vowel-letters like the  in some verbs  , in a few  , and in most. In all these cases, however, the was at least originally a full consonant, while the  in verbs  was never anything but a vowel letter, cf. . The really consonantal at the end of the word is marked by .—Verbs containing a  also, according to, , share some of the peculiarities of the guttural verbs. For more convenient treatment, the cases will be distinguished, according as the guttural is the first, second, or third radical. (Cf. the Paradigms D, E, F, in which only those conjugations are omitted which are wholly regular.)