Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/171

 4. In the the shorter form with  prevails for the jussive in the 3rd masc. and  and 2nd masc. sing., e.g., ;  ; even incorrectly   and  ; cf. also, where the jussive form is to be explained according to , and   before the principal pause. Similarly, after consec., e.g.,. On the other hand, î is almost always retained in the 1st sing., e.g.  (but generally without, as   f., &c.); cf. and, but also ; in 1st plur. only in ; in the 3rd sing. . With ă in the principal pause, and in the lesser pause, ; before a sibilant (see )  ; in the lesser pause. Before the Ṣere becomes, e.g.  . In the plural again, and before suffixes, î remains in the forms , , even in the jussive and after  consecutive, e.g.  . The only exceptions, where the î is weakened to , are  ;  , , ;  ;  , if it is  of , but probably  is to be read, as in ; perhaps also   (according to others, ). The same weakening occurs also in the imperfect in 3rd and masc. sing. before suffixes,, , , and in , unless the form be =, since the is not found elsewhere. It is hardly likely that in these isolated examples we have a trace of the ground-form, yaqtĭl, or an Aramaism. More probably they are due partly to a misunderstanding of the defective writing, which is found, by a purely orthographic licence, in numerous other cases (even in 3rd sing. ), and partly are intended, as formae mixtae, to combine the forms of  and. Instead of the firmly closed syllable, the Masora requires in, with euphonic Ga‛ya (see ).

5. In the,  appears to be traceable to the ground-form, maqtĭl; yet the Ṣere may also possibly be explained by the retraction of the tone. The Masora appears to require the weakening of the vowel to (see above, n) in   (probably, however,  should be read), also in ,   (but as  precedes, and accordingly dittography may well have taken place, the participle Qal is probably to be read in both places; the reading of the text is perhaps again intended to combine  and , see above, n), and in the    &c. (where the  is better).—The fem. is ordinarily pointed as ,  ; in pause.

6. In the there occur occasionally such forms as  ; cf. ,, , , ; with the original ă in the first syllable .—In  I have stained, ,  stands at the beginning instead of , cf. above, k, on. On the other hand,