Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/170

 Of a different kind are the denominatives from:  (scarcely to prick up the ears, but) to act with the ears, to hear; cf. , and the German äugeln (to make eyes), füsseln, näseln, schwänzeln; ; (to lead the back [of the camel, &c.]?); opposed to.

3. The meaning of is (a) primarily that of a  of, e.g. ,  or ; (b) sometimes equivalent to a passive of , as , Hoph. to be avenged (but see below, u).

Rem. 1. The î of the 3rd sing. masc. perf. remains, without exception, in the 3rd fem. (in the tone-syllable). That it was, however, only lengthened from a short vowel, and consequently is changeable, is proved by the forms of the and  where ē (or, under the influence of gutturals, ă) takes its place. In an open syllable the î is retained almost throughout; only in very isolated instances has it been weakened to (see n and o).

2. The commonly has  without Yodh, e.g.  ; less frequently it takes, e.g.  ; cf. ,, , , , , . With instead of  (probably a mere scribal error, not an Aramaism) we find. Rare exceptions, where the form with stands for the, are, e.g.  (Sam; ; read perhaps ), , ,  (?); on the other hand, for   (which looks like an infinitive Hiphʿîl with elision of the , for ) the right reading is simply , since elsewhere the Piʿēl alone occurs with the meaning to tithe; for   perhaps the inf. Qal  was intended, as in  (=to take the tithe). At the same time it is doubtful whether the present punctuation does not arise from a conflation of two different readings, the Qal and the Piʿēl.

Instead of the ordinary form of the  the form  sometimes occurs, e.g., , ; cf. ,, , and  for   from ; scarcely, however,  (see ),  ,  (after ), and in the passages so explained by König (i. 276) where  appears after prepositions ; [cf. Driver on, , , ].

With ă in the second syllable there occurs  (cf. the substantival infin.  ).—In the Aram. manner is found in  (as a construct form) for the  (cf. the, ). On the elision of the after prefixes, see q.

3. In the the î is retained throughout in the open syllable, according to i, and consequently also before suffixes (see ) and, e.g. ,  , as in ed. Mant., Jabl;, Baer, not as Ginsb. and Kittel; with the tone at the end only ibid. . On the other hand, in the 2nd sing. masc. the original ĭ (cf. Arabic ’áqtĭl) is lengthened to ē, e.g., and becomes Seeghôl before , e.g. .—The form  for  appears anomalously a few times: , ,  (cf.  and ); elsewhere the Masora has preferred the punctuation , e.g. ; cf. .—In  is required by the  for.