Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/166

  (from ),, or to do a thing for the third time (from ); probably also , from. Or again, the denominative may express taking away, injuring, &c., the object denoted by the noun (privative Piʿēl, cf. our to skin, to behead, to bone), e.g., from , prop. to injure the tail, hence to rout the rear of an army, to attack it; ; ,  ,  to break any one’s bones (cf., in the same sense,  from ); ,  (from ). Some words are clearly denominatives, although the noun from which they are derived is no longer found, e.g. (also used in this sense in ), and to remove stones (from a field), to clear away stones; cf. our to stone, used also in the sense of taking out the stones from fruit.

The meaning of the  follows naturally from the above, e.g.  Piʿēl to seek, Puʿal to be sought.

In the literal, concrete meaning of the verb has sometimes been retained, when  has acquired a figurative sense, e.g., Piʿēl to uncover, Qal to reveal, also to emigrate, i.e. to make the land bare.

Also with an intransitive sense occurs as an intensive form, but only in poetic language, e.g.  in Piʿēl to be broken in pieces, ;, , ; , ; [, ]; but in ,  instead of the Piʿēl of  the Niphʿal is certainly to be read, with Cheyne.

Rem. 1. The (more frequent) form of the perfect with in the second syllable appears especially before   and in the middle of sentences in continuous discourse, but at the end of the sentence (in ) the form with  is more common. Cf. with, ;   with  ;   with  ; but Qameṣ never appears in this pausal form. The ''3rd sing. fem.'' in is always of the form, except  ; the 3rd plur. always as ; the 2nd and 1st sing. and 1st plur. of course as, , (but always  and ),. In the ''3rd sing. perf., , and (also  ) take , but become in  ,  ; the pausal'' form of  does not occur.

in the first syllable (as in Aramaic and Arabic) occurs only once,, , to emphasize more clearly the play on the name.

2. In the (and  ), infinitive, and imperative Piʿēl (as also in ) the  in the final syllable, when followed by, is usually shortened into , e.g. , ; ,. Pausal-forms with instead of, as  ,   (cf.  in the infinitive, and  in the participle), owe their origin to some particular school of Masoretes, and are wrongly accepted by Baer; cf. the analogous cases in and hh. If the final syllable of the has Pathaḥ (before a guttural or ), it remains