Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/163

 Elision of the after prepositions is required by the Masora in   (for ),   and  ; also in verbs   ;, ,  ; in verbs. It is, however, extremely doubtful whether the ''infin. Qal'' of the is not rather intended in all these examples; it certainly is so in, cf. .

2. Instead of the in the ultima of the imperfect,  often occurs in pause, e.g.  ; cf. , (with final );  (with );  (with ); see. In the 2nd and 3rd plur. fem. predominates, e.g. ;  occurs only in , from , and hence, with loss of the doubling, for ; cf. even .—With Nûn paragogicum (see ) in the 2nd and 3rd plur. masc. are found,, , &c., in , , &c.; but  (cf. ).

3. When the imperfect, the infinitive (in ē), or the imperative is followed in close connexion by a monosyllable, or by a word with the gone on the first syllable, the tone is, as a rule (but cf. ), shifted back from the ultima to the penultima, while the ultima, which thus loses the tone, takes  instead of ; e.g.  ;  ; in the imperative, .—So always  (since  counts as one syllable), &c., cf. ; and even with in the ultima,   (but cf.  ). Although in isolated cases (e.g., ) the tone is not thrown back, in spite of a tone-syllable following, the retraction has become usual in certain forms, even when the next word begins with a toneless syllable; especially after  , e.g.  ;   and frequently,  ; and always so in the imperative  , , and (before Metheg of the counter-tone) ,. On the avoidance of pausal-forms in the imperative ( with Silluq, with Athnaḥ), and imperfect (, &c.), see, and note; on the other hand, always , , &c.

In the, , for , with the rejection of the initial , occurs in , and in in   (cf.  ); but in these examples either the reading or the explanation is doubtful. The 2nd sing. imperat. of is always (with ), , &c. (also, ).

4. For the 1st sing. of the, the form is as frequent as , e.g. , ; , ; cf. ,, , and so always in the cohortative, e.g. , ; cf. ,, and in the impf. Niph. of. The Babylonian punctuation admits only ĭ under the preformative of the 1st person.

1. The characteristic of this conjugation consists in the strengthening of the middle radical. From the simple stem qaṭal (cf. ) the form (cf. the Arabic conj. ii. qăttălă) would naturally follow as