Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/158

, with   ( and x, , , § 71,  and aa, ).

In the first pers. sing. alone the retraction of the tone and even the reducing of the long vowel in the final syllable (û to ō, î to ē, and then to ŏ and ĕ) are not usual, at least according to the Masoretic punctuation, and the apocope in verbs occurs more rarely; e.g. always  (or, a merely orthographic difference) and I arose; Hiph.  (but generally written , implying the pronunciation wāʾqem, as  implies wāʾāqŏm); , more frequently than ,. On the other hand, the form with final is often used in the 1st pers. both sing. and plur., especially in the later books, e.g., , , , (, as in , , and often, probably a sort of compensation for the lost ); , , , , , , ,  ff., , , , , , , , , &c.—Sometimes, as in , with a certain emphasis of expression, and probably often, as in ,  before , for euphonic reasons. In  may have been originally intended; in   and in. In read  or.

This is in meaning a strengthened, and resembles in pronunciation the form which is retained in Arabic as the ordinary copula (wă). The close connexion of this wă with the following consonant, caused the latter in Hebrew to take, especially as ă could not have been retained in an open syllable. Cf. ,, (for ), where the prepositions  and , and the particle , are closely connected with  in the same way.

The retraction of the tone also occurs in such combinations, as in (for  ).—The identity of many  forms with jussives of the same conjugation must not mislead us into supposing an intimate relation between the moods. In the consecutive forms the shortening of the vowel (and the retraction of the tone) seems rather to be occasioned solely by the strengthening of the preformative syllable, while in the jussives the shortening (and retraction) belongs to the character of the form.

3. The counterpart of of the  is  of the, by means of which perfects are placed as