Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/148

 The blending of the with the ''Infin. constr.'' into a single grammatical form seems to be indicated by the firmly closed syllable, cf. ;, with  in the =lin-pōl; hence, also liq-ṭōl, &c.; but  binephōl, ;. Exceptions, ;  , , ;  ;  , &c., ;  ; according to some also   and   (Baer ); on the other hand  ;. For the meaningless  read.

1. The ground-forms of the Imperative, (properly qeṭŭl, which is for an original qŭṭŭl), and  (see below, c), the same in pronunciation as the forms of the Infin. constr. (§ 45), are also the basis for the formation of the Imperfect (§ 47). They represent the second person, and have both fem. and plur. forms. The third person is supplied by the Imperfect in the Jussive ; and even the second person must always be expressed by the Jussive, if it be used with a negative, e.g. (not ). The passives have no Imperative, but it occurs in the reflexives, as Niphʿal and Hithpaʿēl.

2. The Afformatives of the ''2nd sing. fem. and the 2nd plur. masc.'' and are identical in every case with those of the Imperfect. In the same way, the Imperative of the ''2nd sing. masc.'', in common with the Imperfect, admits of the lengthening by the, as, on the other hand, there are certain shortened forms of this person analogous to the Jussive (§ 48. 5).

Rem. 1. Instead of the form (sometimes also, e.g.  ; before   with ), those verbs which have an a in the final syllable of the Imperf. (i.e. especially verbs middle ē) make their Imperative of the form , e.g.  (Perf.  and );  in.

2. The first syllable of the sing. fem. and plur. masc. are usually to be pronounced with (qĭṭelî, qĭṭelû, and so, &c., without , and even  with , ; but cf.  , and with the same phonetic combination  ; see analogous cases in ); less frequently we find an ŏ instead of the ĭ, e.g. , ; , ;   (cf.  ); on   ,   (cf. ), see. This ŏ arises (see above, a) from a singular ground-form qŭṭŭl, not from a retraction of the original ŭ of the second syllable. We must abandon the view that the forms with ĭ in the first syllable (cf. also