Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/140

 old grammatical terms, prevents any misunderstanding. The simple form is called (, because it has no formative additions); the others (, being weighted, as it were, with the strengthening of consonants or with formative additions) take their names from the paradigm of, which was used in the earliest Jewish grammatical works. Several of these have passives which are distinguished from their actives by more obscure vowels. The common conjugations (including and the passives) are the seven following, but very few verbs exhibit them all:

There are besides several less frequent conjugations, some of which, however, are more common in the kindred languages, and even in Hebrew (in the weak verb) regularly take the place of the usual conjugations (§ 55).

In Arabic there is a greater variety of conjugations, and their arrangement is more appropriate. According to the Arabic method, the Hebrew conjugations would stand thus: 1. ; 2. and ; 3. Pôʿēl and Pôʿal (see ); 4. and ; 5. and ; 6. Hithpô‛ēl (see ); 7. ; 8. (see ); 9. Piʿlēl (see ). A more satisfactory division would be into three classes: (1) The intensive with the derived and analogous forms  and. (2) The causative with its passive, and the analogous forms (Šaphʿēl and Tiphʿēl). (3) The reflexive or passive.