Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/118

, but with medial or final gutturals a , and after  a , e.g. , for wayyigl; , for yirb; , ground-form qudš; , ground-form naḥl;  for ; , ground-form bayt. These helping vowels are, however, to be regarded as exactly like furtive Pathaḥ (, g); they do not alter the monosyllabic character of the forms, and they disappear before formative suffixes, e.g.,.

5. On the rise of a full vowel in place of a simple, under the influence of the , see ; on initial for , see.

1. The principal tone rests, according to the Masoretic accentuation (cf. ), as a rule on the final syllable, e.g., , , , , , —in the last five examples on the formative additions to the stem. Less frequently it rests on the penultima, as in, , , ; but a closed penultima can only have the tone if the ultima is open (e.g. , , ), whilst a closed ultima can as a rule only be without the tone if the penultima is open, e.g. , ; see also below, e.

A kind of counter-tone or secondary stress, as opposed to the principal tone, is marked by. Words which are closely united by with the following word  can at the most have only a secondary tone.

2. The original tone of a word, however, frequently shifts its place in consequence either of changes in the word itself, or of its close connexion with other words. If the word is increased at the end, the tone is moved forward (descendit) one or two places according to the length of the addition, e.g., plur. ; ;, plur. ; with suffix, with. On the consequent vowel-changes, see, i–m.

3. On the other hand, the original tone is shifted from the ultima to the penultima (ascendit):